Whether we like or not, sport really is a substitute for war. Throughout history, death and sport have stood hand in hand and the people that have died have acquired a legendary warrior-like status. The Juventus fans died in the name of their club and Ayrton Senna died in an accident just as he was about to revolutionize motor racings safety standards. The following top list attempts to look at tragedies in terms of the impact they had on an entire sport, or country, rather than just a few individuals.
1. The Superga Tragedy
Returning from little more than a friendly, the plane carrying all but two of the Torinofootball squad, and many of their coaching staff, crashed into the Superga hill near Turin. Everybody on board died.
At that time Torino was the best side in Italy having won 3 successive Series A titles, with 10 of their players in the Italian international team. Though Torino won another title in 1976, the club never truly recovered. The Italian national side, the best in the world in 1949, did not get to the second phase of a tournament until 1968.
2. Michael Watson
The judges robbed Michael Watson in his first jab at the world super middleweight title. To many people, it looked like he had thoroughly outscored his opponent, the unpopularChris Eubank. The public demanded a rematch and three months later on September 21st 1991, they got their wish.
Watson dominated the fight. By the end of the 11th round all he had to do to win was stay on his feet. Unfortunately, he walked straight into a Eubank punch. The fight continued into the 12th, but while Eubank connected with blow after blow, Watson could hardly raise a glove. Finally, the referee stopped the fight, but it was too late. Watsoncollapsed in the ring and lay there for 30 minutes while organizers rushed paramedicsto the venue. He survived, but after 40 days in a coma and six operations on his brain, Michael Watson and British boxing would never be the same.
3. Hansie Cronje
Many of the worst tragedies in sport occur when people take it too seriously. Well known is the shooting of Colombian footballer Escobar. The motivation is unclear, but he was killed shortly after his own goal against the USA knocked Colombia out of the 1994 World Cup. However, football is a massive sport and as such has the habit of washing its hands in the wave of the next big tournament. No such luck for Hansie Cronje.
The cricketing world was shocked to its roots when the South African captain, recognized as one of the nice guys of the game was fingered for match fixing. He wasbanned for life. Two years later, his death in a plane crash sparked off the conspiracytheorists.
Whatever the truth, Cronje was a very powerful figure in South Africa and may have been on the verge of naming names involved with the betting syndicates. People stood to lose a lot of money. The death of Bob Woolmer at this year’s world cup, and the accusations that followed, no matter how false, proves this matter will not lie.
4. The 1972 Munich Olympics
The old adage that sport and politics do not mix does not quite ring true. When it comes to an event like the Olympics, they can mix too well and with disastrous consequences.
In the 1972 Olympics, 11 Israeli athletes were shot dead by the Palestinian terrorist group Black September. The lax German security allowed the 8 Palestinians, with bags of weapons, to scale the fence that surrounded the Olympic village. They then proceeded to enter the Israeli accommodation and take the athletes hostage, threatening to kill them if the Israeli authorities did not organize the release of 234 Palestinians.
In the resulting debacle, including a failed rescue attempt, 11 Israeli athletes, a German police officer and 5 of the Palestinians died. A while later the Israeli government launched Operation Wrath of God, a massive search to kill the hostage organizers. The Palestinians no doubt responded in kind.
It is worth noting that the following Olympic Games in Montreal lost an awful lot of money.
5. Heysel Stadium
[BBC]
In 1985, Liverpool and Juventus, two of the biggest clubs in Europe, were facing each other for the first time in a European Cup final. Before the match started, Liverpool supporters reacted to taunts from the Italian fans by charging through the lines of Belgian police. The Juventus fans could do nothing, but retreat as far as a wall, whichcollapsed under the pressure and onto their own fans below. In the ensuing panic 39 supporters died and over 350 were injured.
UEFA banned English teams from playing in Europe for five years. However, there were positives. The English FA, with backing from the government, went on a huge campaign to take out the hooligan element, and to some extent succeeded. In addition, along with the Hillsborough disaster it made people look closely at stadium safety. Critics noted even before the match, with 58,000 people coming to watch the game, Heysel was a potential death trap.
6. The Death of Ayrton Senna
The death of Ayrton Senna marked the end of a great era in Formula One Racing. Senna’s generation had produced drivers of the caliber of Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Nelson Piquet and Gerhard Berger, all pushing their cars and their own safety to the limit.
Ironically, Senna’s death was faulty steering, rather than a cavalier approach. Unable to control his car around a corner he skidded off the track and crashed into a wall. Upon impact, one of the suspension bars of his car broke loose and collided with his head. The day before, the Austrian driver, Roland Ratzenburger had died in a similar crash during practise.
In the aftermath, the governing body finally addressed safety issues in the sport, concerns that Senna himself had expressed. To some it was at the expense of the sport. The article on Wikipedia is an excellent and very detailed description of the tragedy.
7. Hong Kong
There was allegedly a worse disaster at the Circus Maximus, when the second tier collapsed killing 1,200 people. Nevertheless, with no hard evidence, the worst sporting tragedy, in terms of numbers killed, is the fire at Hong Kong’s Happy Valley Race course in February 1918. 590 people died, though supposedly this is a conservative estimate. Whatever the correct number, it is the worst fire in Hong Kong’s history.
8. Ghana
[BBC]
Over a few weeks in April 2001, four huge football disasters occurred on the African continent. 43 people died at, 250 injured during a game in South Africa, 14 people died and 51 injured in Congo, and there was 1 death and 39 injuries after a clash between police and supporters in the Ivory Coast.
The worst disaster was in a Ghana league game between Asante Kotoko and Hearts of Oak. It started when Asante’s fans began ripping up seats after the Hearts Oak side had won the match with two late goals. Moments later the police were spraying tear gasinto the crowd. As the gas spread, fans rushed for the exits, but found them locked. Despite this, the police continued firing the gas; people continued rushing for the exit. In total 126 people were crushed to death. Many more were injured.
During that year, almost 200 people died at football matches in Africa, a combination ofhooliganism, aggressive policing and poor stadiums. Their collective dream of one day holding a world cup tournament looks very far away.
9. Kurt Jenson and others
[BBC]
When the Danish rider, Kurt Jansen collapsed during the 1960 Rome Olympics, from anamphetamine overdose, drugs in cycling became big news.
Like many sports, it attempted to play down the situation. In 2003, after years of ignoringthe problem, it had no choice but to face up to it. During a period of just 13 months 8 elite cyclist, 4 under 24 years old, and one of them only 16, died of a heart attack. Commentators stated the drug EPO as the reason.
With Michael Rasmussen and Alexandre Virokourov both disqualified at this years Tour de France, critics claim the sport is still rife with drugs, but as Lance Armstrong pointed out at least it shows the cycling world are finally trying resolve the problem.
10. The Colourful 11
In 1989, a plane carrying a group of Dutch Surinamese footballers crashed upon approach to the Paramaribo Zanderiji airport in Suriname. All but a few people died. The players, known as the colourful 11, were all coming back from a friendly with Suriname, a game they organized every year to raise the awareness of positive role models for the isolated Suriname communities in Holland.
Dutch internationals Ruud Gullit, Frank Rikjaard, Brian Roy, Aron Winter and Regi Blinker all pulled out at the last minute due to club pressure.
11. Marshall University Football Team Plane Crash
On a rainy hill side in Wayne County, West Virginia, the lives of 75 people were lost in the worst single air tragedy in NCAA sports history. Among the losses were nearly the entire Marshall University football team, coaches, flight crew, numerous fans, and supporters. The event marked a boundary by which an entire community would forever measure time... before or after "The Crash". This site is a memorial to the lives that were lost on that evening; to honor those men and women who made a mark in the hearts of a school, a community and a nation.
12. Busby Babes
The Munich air disaster occurred on 6 February 1958, when British European Airways Flight 609 crashed on its third attempt to take off from a slush-covered runway at Munich-Riem Airport in Munich, West Germany. On board the plane was the Manchester United football team, nicknamed the "Busby Babes", along with a number of supporters and journalists.Twenty of the 44 people on board the aircraft died in the crash. The injured, some of whom had been knocked unconscious, were taken to the Rechts der Isar Hospital in Munich where three more died, resulting in a total of 23 fatalities with 21 survivors.
13. Hillsborough
Jack Straw, the former home secretary, has expressed regret that a review of the Hillsborough disaster he ordered in 1997 failed to "get to the bottom" of what happened or expose the police cover-up.
The investigation, by Lord Justice Stuart-Smith, concluded that while some alterations were made to police accounts of the disaster, these were "at worst an error of judgement," Mr Straw said.
At the time, he added, he assumed that the peer had reviewed all the documentation into the 1989 tragedy, which was finally made public yesterday by the independent panel and which has led to growing calls for prosecutions of police who doctored evidence.
14. The Valley Parade Fire
29 years ago today, one cigarette butt (smoking was legal at grounds then) fell through a crack in a wooden stand, lighting paper and dry wood underneath which started to burn before setting fire to the bitumen roof which went up like a match - 56 people were killed, had there been fencing like at Hillsborough it would have been thousands burned to death. An appalling tragedy shamefully forgotten.
15. 1961 U.S. Figure Skating Ice
On February 15, 1961, a tragic plane crash killed all the members of the U.S. Figure Skating Team. Also, friends, family, judges, officials, and coaches were killed. The skaters were traveling to the World Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Patty Shelley Bushman wrote a book about the team and also has made a website in the team's memory. This photo gallery includes photos from her book "Indelible Tracings" and from her 1961 U.S. World Figure Skating Team website of some of the people who were killed in that plane crash.
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